The following Member States are represented in this session:

1. United States of America

2. Russian Federation

3. People’s Republic of China

4. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

5. French Republic

6. Republic of Sudan

7. Republic of South Sudan

8. Republic of Chad

9. Republic of Uganda

10. Central African Republic

11. Republic of Kenya

12. Federal Republic of Ethiopia

13. Republic of South Africa

14. Arab Republic of Egypt

15. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

16. State of Qatar

17. Federative Republic of Brazil

18. Federal Republic of Germany

19. Republic of India

20. United Arab Emirates

Addressing the Ongoing Genocide in Sudan: Accountability, Protection, and the Responsibility to Protect

The UNHRC convenes at a critical moment in Sudan’s history. What began in April 2023 as conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has escalated into widespread atrocities now characterized by many as genocide, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

Sudan currently represents the world’s largest displacement crisis, with over 10 million displaced and more than 1.8 million refugees in neighboring states.

“We are on the verge of losing an entire generation of Sudanese children to starvation, violence, and displacement.”
— Volker Türk, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (2024)

The roots of the current crisis lie in the Darfur genocide (2003–2010), during which approximately 300,000 people were killed and 2.5 million displaced.

Despite the indictment of former President Omar al-Bashir by the International Criminal Court (ICC), justice was never enforced. The RSF, emerging from the Janjaweed militias, continues similar patterns of violence today.

Mass Atrocities in Darfur

• Siege of El Fasher (2024)

• Over 10,000 civilians killed in El Geneina

• Systematic ethnic targeting (Masalit community)

• Widespread sexual violence

The Famine Dimension

• Famine declared in Zamzam Camp (IPC Phase 5)

• 25 million facing food insecurity

• Aid obstruction used as a military tactic

The Accountability Vacuum

• ICC enforcement remains weak

• Security Council gridlock (veto powers)

• AU ceasefires repeatedly violated

Genocide
Acts intended to destroy a protected group (1948 Convention).

Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
Global commitment to prevent mass atrocities.

Crimes Against Humanity
Widespread/systematic attacks on civilians.

Ethnic Cleansing
Forced removal of populations (not a standalone legal term).

Rapid Support Forces (RSF)
Sudanese paramilitary group linked to Janjaweed.

Universal Periodic Review (UPR)
UNHRC review mechanism.

Humanitarian Corridor
Safe route for aid delivery.

International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
Laws governing armed conflict.

Famine (IPC Phase 5)
Extreme food insecurity classification.

Rome Statute
Treaty establishing the ICC.

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
Person displaced within their own country.

Delegates must research their assigned country beyond this guide.

Examples:

United States – Supports R2P, ICC, sanctions
China – Non-intervention, economic interests
Russia – Sovereignty-focused, anti-intervention
United Kingdom – Strong humanitarian stance
Sudan – Denies genocide characterization
Chad – Major refugee host
UAE – Controversial involvement

(Full positions should be researched independently)

Does current evidence meet the legal threshold for genocide?

Should “Uniting for Peace” bypass Security Council paralysis?

How to balance peace vs. accountability?

How to enforce humanitarian access?

How to share refugee burden globally?

How to regulate arms transfers?

How to protect women and children?

How to break cycles of impunity?

Delegates will be evaluated based on:

• Depth of research

• Public speaking ability

• Diplomacy and professionalism

• Negotiation skills

• Accurate country representation

• Adherence to rules

• Participation

• Timely submission of position papers

⚠ Important Notice:
Use of AI for position papers is strictly prohibited and will result in disqualification.